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For the term "user".

Could not chdir to home directory home Permission denied

This one has caught me a couple times and I keep forgetting how simple it is to solve. When you create a new user and then login as the new user, you get this message: Could not chdir to home directory /home/user: Permission denied -bash: /home/user .bash_profile: Permission denied And you find that you are not (and not able to…

Eliminate error “127.0.0.1 Directory index forbidden by Options directive” in log files (and other needless noise)

Ubuntu Apache Error : client 127.0.0.1 Directory index forbidden by Options directive This error and many others clog your log files with noise which can be easily eliminated without compromising security. The reason I get this error is because I have set .htaccess in the server root directory to Options -Index for security reasons. I don’t want anyone browsing /var/www…

Create User on Debian

Users and Groups Users are located in /etc/passwd Groups are located in /etc/group The administrative ROOT account is disabled by default in Ubuntu . If you wish to enable the root account, simply give it a password by typing sudo passwd To disable the root account sudo passwd -l root The initial user created by the Ubuntu installer is a…

Install Truecrypt

Note: When installing Truecrypt on a new linux system, the most common failure (install simply stops without an error message) is due to the permissions of the user. Make sure the user has been added to sudoers group and reboot (or logout and login again), or you will get the massage “user not in sudoers group”. Download Truecrypt Download signature…

ddclient for DynDNS Setup on Debian 7

# Configuration file for ddclient # # /etc/ddclient.conf ## ddclient configuration file daemon=600 # check every 600 seconds syslog=yes ## Default options protocol=dyndns2 ## Detect IP with our CheckIP server use=web, web=checkip.dyndns.com, web-skip=’IP Address’ server=members.dyndns.org # log update msgs to syslog mail-failure=user@gmail.com # Mail failed updates to user pid=/var/run/ddclient.pid # record PID in file. ## DynDNS username and password here…

Setup LAMP Server Debian 9 Apache 2.4 MarianDB Php 7

Prerequisite is a fresh remote server with Debian 9 Stretch installed and booted From remote terminal Block all traffic iptable -F iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP Create a User sudo useradd -d /home/username -m username Set the User’s Password sudo passwd username Add the User to the Admin Group sudo adduser username adm…

How To Setup Munin on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Assumption: You will access munin using the server IP adress http://123.123.123.123/munin (there are several ways to setup and access munin, but in a VirtualHost environment it may not be desirable to setup/access via a VirtualHost.) sudo apt-get install munin munin-node sudo vi /etc/munin/apache.conf Allow from localhost 127.0.0.0/8 ::1 # Replace with this Allow from all # add this line just…

BASH Shell Notes

The BASH Environment BASH executes in this order /etc/environment /etc/profile /etc/bash.bashrc /home/user/.profile /home/user/.bashrc Interactive vs Non-interactive Shell interactive execution order: /etc/profile then the first readable of ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile .profile – is read when an interactive login shell is started. /etc/profile ~/.bash_profile ~/.bash_login ~/.profile non-interactive execution order: /etc/bash.bashrc then ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc – is read when a non-login interactive shell…

Systemd ssh Reverse Tunnel on Debian 9 Stretch

I have used rc.local for years to setup an ssh reverse tunnel on boot under Debian up until Stretch. Now like many others I imagine, I’ve had to convert to systemd. I read everything I could about the choice for deprecating rc.local for systemd. I can say that systemd may be powerful, but systemd’s complexity entails a huge learning-curve for…

Apache Permissions on ServerRoot Directories

Apache Permissions on ServerRoot Directories In typical operation, Apache is started by the root user, and it switches to the user defined by the User directive to serve hits. As is the case with any command that root executes, you must take care that it is protected from modification by non-root users. Not only must the files themselves be writable…